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Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM-4) Design and Test

12/08/2015
 
As demand for increased network bandwidth in data centers continues to grow, providing 400 Gb/s, also called 400G, links will be the next step in meeting the continuing need for increased network bandwidth in data centers. 
Multi-level signaling formats such as Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM-N) are technologies that will enable 400G implementation, however the revolutionary switch from non-return-to-zero (NRZ) to PAM-4 presents many new design, measurement, and test challenges. 
Keysight offers complete PAM-4 solutions for simulation, input and output design characterization for 32 Gbaud and beyond. 
PAM-4 clock recovery and eye-diagram analysis are available on the Infiniium Real-Time and Sampling oscilloscopes.